Formula
rate = min(1, (1 - hpPct / 100) × ballMul × bloodlineMul × (hiddenPerk ? 1.5 : 1) × bossPenalty)
Edge cases
If HP = 0, the calculator throws a UI error (the entity is defeated, not catchable). If boss penalty applies, the rate is multiplied by 0.65.
Orbit Fin ceiling
Orbit Fin is treated as a hard bottleneck. Even at 1% HP with Demon Ball, the calculator surfaces a warning that 44% is the documented ceiling.